What is the basis of Albert Ellis’s theory of cognitive-behavioral psychology?
a. Human beings are inherently irrational and need help understanding their irrational beliefs.
b. Because of his psychoanalytic background, Ellis believed that human beings were caught in the classic struggle between base impulses (id) and the need to control them (ego) in order to function in society (super ego).
c. Maladapted human beings need nurturance and understanding in order to heal.
d. Human beings are inherently rational, but are also burdened with strong inborn tendencies to think irrationally and create their own poor mental health.
e. Thought and emotion are separate and unrelated processes in human beings.
Answer: d
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The results of studies of the effectiveness of secondary prevention programs indicate which of the following?
a. They are not effective. b. They are very effective. c. They are only effective when provided to those below the age of 12. d. They are only effective when they target multiple risk factors and teach skills to avoid substances and develop positive relationships with peers.
Which of the following describes the function of counseling groups?
a. The prevention of personal or societal disorder through conveying information and/or the examining of values. b. To help group participants resolve the usual, yet often difficult, situations connected with living in an ever changing world as well as to help participants develop their existing interpersonal problem-solving competencies to better handle future problems c. To help individual group members resolve their in-depth and sometimes serious psychological problems d. To improve work practices and to accomplish identified work goals
Effective counselors have certain qualities including _____________
A. energy B. self-awareness C. intellectual competence D. all of the above
Ken Wilber wrote that transpersonal psychology focuses on
a. Strengthening the ego, acting in concert with one’s authentic personality and self-actualization. b. Those deeper or higher aspects of human experience that transcend the ordinary and the average. c. Meaning that individuals place on the aspects of their lives. d. Strengthening the ego and understanding the cause and effect of one’s actions. e. The intrapsychic battleground.