Whose immune system is most likely to be prone to damage from stress-related conditions?
a) Larry, age 65, who has a previous history of poor health
b) Gwendolyn, age 34, who jogs a mile each morning
c) Sid, age 18, who is on the high school football team
d) Stephanie, age 9, who loves to dance
Answer: a
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John observed Gracie, an executive for a large accounting firm, behave in an aggressive and pushy manner with her subordinates. John now believes that most women executives are aggressive and pushy with their subordinates. John's overestimation of the link between women executives and the social traits of "pushy" and "aggressive" is referred to as
a. an illusory correlation. b. a contravened stereotype. c. a heuristic overbias. d. a self-serving attribution.
Reuben had certain expectations about his new job and his new company. After three months on the job, Reuben realized that the reality of the job and the organization were different from his expectations. Reuben is likely to be:
a. less satisfied and less committed but will stay with the organization b. less satisfied and less committed and will probably leave the organization c. satisfied but not committed and will stay with the organization d. satisfied and committed and will stay with the organization
Regarding the use of punishment for training or discipline, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. The overall emotional adjustment of a child or pet disciplined mainly by punishment is usually superior to one disciplined mainly by reward. b. Using punishment can become "habit forming.". c. Mild punishment tends to be ineffective if reinforcers for that misbehavior are still available in the situation. d. One should avoid punishing when angry because it is easy to get carried away and become abusive.
Although in the 1970s educational innovations were often transferred to new settings with precisely copied "cookbook" instructions, today the emphasis is on:
a. having program developers train staff in the new setting. b. specifying fragile components and having program developers implement them. c. creating innovative programs in each setting, based on best practices. d. interdependence rather than cycling of resources.