Discuss why Paige's use of carnitine and protein powders will not give her an advantage in terms of muscle performance as compared with DJ's more adequate diet and regular exercise

Answer 1

Carnitine is a substance that shuttles fats across the mitochondrial cell membrane. In theory, an increased use of fats in the citric acid cycle within the mitochondria could lead to more energy release. However, studies have shown that taking carnitine supplements does not increase the carnitine or energy levels in the muscle tissue. A side affect of increased carnitine intake is diarrhea. Carnitine can be found in milk, which DJ may drink, and milk supplies many other essential nutrients as well.
Consuming protein powders increases the total amount of dietary protein. Most people get enough dietary protein from foods to support their athletic performance. Athletes that take protein powders may see an increase in their muscle mass but this increase may not improve their performance.