Summarize the Bivens v. Six Unnamed FBI Agents case, and explain its significance
What will be an ideal response?
Until 1971, individual citizens could not sue federal officers for violation of their constitutional rights. The SCOTUS case Bivens v. Six Unnamed FBI Agents changed that. Six FBI agents searched Bivens's apartment without either a search warrant or an arrest warrant. They handcuffed him in the presence of this family and took him down to a federal building where he was searched, interrogated, and booked. Bivens sued, claiming these events caused him humiliation, embarrassment, and mental suffering, and sought $15,000 from each of the officers.
In Bivens, the Court created a constitutional tort—a private right to sue federal officers for violations of a plaintiff's constitutional rights. To succeed, plaintiffs have to prove two elements:
(1) the officers were acting under color of law, and
(2) the officers' actions deprived the plaintiff of a constitutional right.
Even if the plaintiff proves these two elements, law enforcement officers will not be liable if they can show that their actions constitute qualified immunity.
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List the three key requirements for an effective deterrence system and explain why it may be difficult to achieve each element
What will be an ideal response?
Anomie and low social integration help to lower suicide rates
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Amateur robbers will employ a "_____ ____ _____" approach to victimize a single teller
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Target ______________ explains that some characteristics increase risk because they arouse anger, jealousy, or destructive impulses in potential offenders
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word