Explain the fetal programming hypothesis, with specific reference to how preterm birth provides supportive evidence
The fetal programming hypothesis proposes that what happens in early life during critical or sensitive periods can have lifetime consequences. Many studies on the outcome of preterm birth, including those on feeding, growth, and types of nutrition, support the fetal programming hypothesis. Preterm birth has been correlated with lifelong impacts on measures such as school performance, dropout rate, adult size, adult chronic diseases, and mental health status. Poor head circumference growth in neonates was associated with abnormal neurological exam, abnormal mobility at 5.4 years of age, higher incidence of cerebral palsy, and neurological impairment. The fetal origins hypothesis can explain why medical treatment may not change the rate of early growth. Preterm birth or its complications may contribute to slow growth early in infancy. Various studies that have measured recovery from early growth problems have found that several factors can overwhelm nutrition benefits. For example, a study of infants who were short for age and provided with nutritional supplements for two years remained short in stature at 11 and 12 years of age.
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Which of the following statements is false regarding energy-producing nutrients??
A) Energy-producing nutrients may include organic compounds. B) Energy-producing nutrients may be found in all food groups. C) Vitamins are energy-producing nutriC) Protein can be an energy-producing nutrient. E) Fat provides the highest amount of energy per gram.
Food fats and oils are abundant in
a. animal foods such as red meats, poultry, and dairy products. b. plant foods such as nuts, seeds, avocados, olives, and coconuts. c. processed foods such as cakes, dairy foods, and snack foods. d. foods to which mayonnaise is added at the table. e. all of the above answers are correct