The ______ is determined by calculating the difference between each score and the mean, squaring those values, adding them up, and dividing by n?1.
a. mean
b. range
c. standard deviation
d. variance
Ans: C
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As early as _____ months of age, some toddlers engage in more physical aggression than others
a. 9 b. 12 c. 18 d. 24
The proteins PER and TIM, originally discovered in insect but now found in mammals also, influence circadian rhythms by ____
a. building up during the day and declining during sleep b. being transformed into melatonin c. stimulating and inhibiting (respectively) the release of acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex d. providing negative feedback from the muscles to the neurons that innervate them
For many decades, the study of motivation was dominated by a focus on ________, although this did not account for the full complexity of human motivation
a. mastery goals b. the need for affiliation c. biological drives d. performance goals
The term reinforcement was preferred over the term reward because Skinner believed that the latter suggested
a. we can only measure what we observe. b. mental processes were involved in learning. c. somehow the animal would prefer a reward to a reinforcement. d. only observable behavior should be measured in learning trials.