Describe how an allergic response occurs in respiratory and digestive systems in humans. What role do antihistamines play?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: When an allergen comes into contact with the respiratory or digestive surface, the allergen/ antigen enters the tissue, binds IgE on mast cells in the mucosa, which results in a release of histamines. The cytokines released from the mast cells lead to an inflammatory response. In respiratory and digestive systems, the smooth muscle is affected, which results in mucus production and fluid imbalance. When a person's digestive tract is affected, he/she suffers from diarrhea and vomiting. When the person's respiratory tract is affected, he/she may suffer from asthma and bronchioconstriction.
Humans have numerous histamine receptors, such as H1, H2, H3, and H4. Antihistamines block these receptors, thus decreasing the allergic response.
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