The nurse is teaching the parents of a 4-year-old boy about the normal maturation of the child's organs during the preschool years and their effect on body functions. Which statements accurately describe these changes? Select all that apply
A) Myelination of the spinal cord allows for bowel and bladder control to be complete in most children by age 3 years.
B) The respiratory structures are continuing to grow in size, and the number of alveoli continues to increase, reaching the adult number at about 7 years of age.
C) Heart rate increases and blood pressure decreases slightly during the preschool years; an innocent heart murmur may be heard upon auscultation.
D) The bones continue to increase in length and the muscles continue to strengthen and mature; however, the musculoskeletal system is still not fully mature.
E) The small intestine is continuing to grow in length, and stool passage usually occurs once or twice per day in the average preschooler.
F) The urethra remains long in both boys and girls, making them more susceptible to urinary tract infections than adults.
Ans: A, B, D, E
Most of the body systems have matured by the preschool years. Myelination of the spinal cord allows for bowel and bladder control to be complete in most children by age 3 years. The respiratory structures are continuing to grow in size, and the number of alveoli continues to increase, reaching the adult number at about 7 years of age. The bones continue to increase in length and the muscles continue to strengthen and mature. However, the musculoskeletal system is still not fully mature. The small intestine is continuing to grow in length, and stool passage usually occurs once or twice per day in the average preschooler. The 4-year-old generally has adequate bowel control. Heart rate decreases and blood pressure increases slightly during the preschool years. An innocent heart murmur may be heard upon auscultation. The urethra remains short in both boys and girls, making them more susceptible to urinary tract infections than adults.
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