Contrast the following terms: monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic. Provide one example for
each. What will be an ideal response?
A monophyletic group includes an ancestral species and all its descendants. It is defined by shared
derived characteristics. For example, all mammals are believed to be descended from a common
ancestor that had mammary glands, three small bones in middle ear, and a muscular diaphragm.
A paraphyletic group contains a common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendents. The class
Reptilia is paraphyletic because it does not include all descendants of the most recent common
ancestor.
A polyphyletic group consists of several evolutionary lines that do not share a most recent common
ancestor. The domain Bacteria and the Domain Eukarya constitute a polyphyletic group because they
do not share the most recent common ancestor.
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Rising intracellular levels of which ion are necessary for neurotransmitter release from a neuron?
A. K+ B. Cl- C. Mg2+ D. HCO3- E. Ca2+
Which of the following types of molecules are most important for a cell to protect from damage if the
cell is to stay alive and reproduce?
a. proteins b. lipids c. nucleic acids d. carbohydrates e. amino acids
Which of the following DNA sequences is complementary to 5' ATGGTCAGT 3'?
A. 5' TACCAGTCA 3' B. 5' TGACTGGTA 3' C. 5' ATGGTCAGT 3' D. 5' ACTGACCAT 3'
List the structures of the female reproductive system and indicate their function.
What will be an ideal response?