A source of invalidity that occurs as a result of participants behaving in the manner they think the experimenter expects them to behave is referred to as
a. experimenter bias
b. maturation
c. selection bias
d. good-subject tendency
d
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Joe has recently started having a great deal of difficulty falling asleep. In addition, he frequently wakes up during the night and has trouble falling back to sleep once awakened. At this point we can conclude that Joe's sleep problems are influenced by
A. medical conditions. B. psychological concerns. C. a genetic variant. D. either medical or psychiatric conditions.
Testing effects can be reduced by _____
a. giving the pretest and posttest during the same experimental session b. increasing the interval of time between the pretest and posttest c. increasing the difficulty of the posttest d. increasing the difficulty of the pretest
The main goal of behavior therapy is
A. to make the unconscious conscious. B. self-actualization. C. observable behavior change. D. an increase in logical, rational thought.
The current research on the development of sexual orientation shows which of the following?
a. Sexual orientation is predominantly caused by one's biology and heredity. b. Sexual orientation is predominantly caused by social influences. c. Sexual orientation is a conscious choice that people make. d. Sexual orientation is influenced by a variety of both biological and psychosocial factors.