What do studies about unconscious gender bias in orchestras and student evaluations tell us about women’s career opportunities?
A) If people consider themselves nondiscriminatory, they will not treat women unfairly.
B) Whether people think of themselves as biased or not, research shows trends toward discrimination against women that requires conscious action to address.
C) Women tend not to choose careers in music or education because they are biased toward other career paths.
D) Women tend to have an unfair advantage because people overcompensate to avoid discrimination.
Answer: B
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The pay gap between men and women is the smallest for __________
a. Hispanics and Latinos/as b. African Americans c. Native Americans d. white and Asian Americans
A researcher can demonstrate a strong association between gender and income. Which variable is independent?
a. gender b. both c. income d. neither
Knowing that the results reported in a table are statistically significant tells you that
a. the results are probably not just the result of random chance. b. the hypothesis is automatically supported. c. an increase in the independent variable will produce a corresponding increase in the dependent variable. d. you can be 100 percent certain that your results are accurate.
Which is not a pattern of social inequality?
A. Alienation and internal class conflict B. Marginalized groups C. Employee mental health problems D. Schools