Reliability is to random error as validity is to

a. standard error.
b. systematic error.
c. internal error.
d. error of measurement.
e. None of these are true.


B

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Following is a list of testing practices. Assuming other things are equal, indicate whether the practice would lower reliability, raise reliability, or neither. Removing ambiguous items from the test

a. lower reliability c. neither raise nor lower reliability b. raise reliability

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Which individual(s) below may not initiate a special education referral?

A) parent B) classroom teacher C) physician D) the parent of another child in that students' class

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The foundations for self-esteem are laid within the first three or four years of life.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

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Which statement is not true about visual mappings?

A) To avoid clutter, visual mappings should include only three levels of information. B) In a well-developed mapping, different levels of information are easy to identify. C) For consistency in "reading" a visual mapping, a standard format for ordering level-two information is recommended. D) Pictures, shapes, and colors strengthen visual memory and recall of information.

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