Substitutes
ex:
Task feedback
Training & experience
Professionalism
Staff support
Group cohesion
Intrinsic satisfaction
reduce the importance of the leader while simultaneously providing a direct benefit to employee performance.
For example, a cohesive work group can provide its own sort of governing behaviors, making the leader less relevant, while providing its own source of motivation and job satisfaction.
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Work teams improve employee morale if all members of the team want to be there
A. True B. False
How can private interests and the public interest conflict in public relations?
What will be an ideal response?
What type of listening requires nothing from the receiver?
A) active B) informational C) passive D) responsive
The "spiral of silence" theory suggests that you are more likely to voice __________ than __________
a) agreement; disagreement b) disagreement; agreement c) assertiveness; aggression d) conspiracy; agreement