Which situation or health problem is most likely to induce renal compensation for an acid-base imbalance?
A. Mild to moderate dehydration in a 50-year-old man who jogged for 2 hours
B. Acute asthma with wheezing of 6 hours duration in a 70-year-old man
C. Food poisoning with vomiting for 12 hours in a 50-year-old woman
D. Hypoxemia for 4 days from pneumonia in a 30-year-old woman
D
Renal compensation (change in excretion or reabsorption of hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions) for an acid-base imbalance is very potent and requires many hours up to several days to begin. It does not provide immediate compensation nor does it respond to acute imbalances. For a person who has been hypoxemic for several days, renal compensation with the increased excretion of hydrogen ions and the increased reabsorption of bicarbonate would have been initiated.
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