?
Mr. M has been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease Stage 5, requiring dialysis. His initial chemistry panel indicates he has low chloride, sodium, and calcium levels as well as high potassium and phosphorus levels. The physician has put him on a fluid restriction, a potassium restriction, and a phosphorus restriction.
What is the reason that a physician might order a potassium restriction?
A. potassium interacting with kidney disease medications
B. high potassium levels stimulating the secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal glands
C. high potassium levels causing the retention of vasopressin
D. potassium directly interacting with calcium
E. diet containing very high levels of potassium
Answer: B
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Cody and Cassy are friends who enjoy working out together. They enjoy going on hikes, running, and biking. During their last adventure they traveled to the Rocky Mountains for a two-day hiking trip. During the first day of their journey Cody made sure to keep drinking water and refueling with health snacks throughout the day. Cassy, who was less diligent in drinking and refueling, had to slow
down the hiking pace and got a severe muscle cramp in her calf shortly before they made it to camp. After a little break she and Cody were able to make it to camp. That night Cody and Cassy ate well and relaxed. After dinner Cody drank three beers by the campfire before going to sleep. After a good night's rest and a healthy breakfast of fruit, peanut butter sandwiches, and coffee they set out on their second day of hiking. In an attempt to avoid the fatigue and muscle cramps she experienced during day one of the hike, Cassy made sure to drink water every 10-15 minutes. Cody was confident that he would be able to stay hydrated and fueled based on his success from day one. However, he noticed that he was extremely thirsty early in the hike and had to drink more water than he did on day one. Several hours into the hike Cassy started to feel a headache coming on so she increased her water intake. A short while later she had to stop hiking because she became confused, felt nauseated, and began to vomit. Cody called the park rangers to get her medical attention. What should Cassy have done on day two of the hike to prevent her headache, confusion, and nausea? A) Trained for the hike B) Increased the amount of water she drank C) Decreased the amount of water she drank D) Increased the amount of food she ate
Answer the following questions true (T) or false (F)
1. Emily started drinking at age 15; so she is more likely to suffer from alcoholism than her sister who started drinking at age 21. 2. Hypertension, heart attack, sexually transmitted infection are linked to underage drinking. 3. The progressive effects of chronic alcohol consumption lead to changes in personality and multiple body systems.
All of the following are fat-soluble vitamins except: a. K. b. C
c. A. d. D. e. E.
Which of the following foods is the best source of polyunsaturated fatty acid?
What will be an ideal response?