Suppose you were a researcher who wanted to study attention capture of warning signals in aircraft that occur when pilots are focused on another task (e.g., landing a plane). Describe how you might design such a study using methodologies described in this chapter.
What will be an ideal response?
varies
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Short-term memory for a list of words or numbers fades quickly unless you rehearse it
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
In general, do people generate more and better ideas (or make better decisions) when they work independently, or when they collaborate and work as groups? Why or why not? What are the relevant factors?
What will be an ideal response?
Rosenthal and Jacobson’s (1968) “Pygmalion in the Classroom” study, in which the IQ scores of “bloomers” increased significantly in comparison with their classroom peers, is an example of ______.
a. upward social comparisons b. a self-fulfilling prophecy c. cognitive dissonance theory d. self-justification theory
Generalization is to __________, as reductionism is to __________.
A. identifying general rules that govern behavior; identifying simple causes of complex behaviors B. identifying simple causes of complex behaviors; identifying general rules that govern behavior across multiple organisms C. organizing data in terms of general rules; identifying the smallest piece of a neuron D. identifying the smallest piece of a neuron; organizing data in terms of general rules