Variable FHR decelerations are caused by:
1. altered fetal cerebral blood flow.
2. umbilical cord compression.
3. uteroplacental insufficiency.
4. fetal hypoxemia.
2
1. Incorrect. Altered fetal cerebral blood flow results in early decelerations in the FHR.
2. Correct. Variable decelerations occur any time during the uterine contracting phase and are caused by compression of the umbilical cord.
3. Incorrect. Uteroplacental insufficiency results in late decelerations in the FHR.
4. Incorrect. Fetal hypoxemia results in tachycardia initially, then bradycardia if hypoxia continues.
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