The anatomy and physiology instructor is explaining a cell-mediated response to the pre-nursing students. What actions would the instructor explain occur in a cell-mediated response?
A) Toxins of invading antigens are neutralized.
B) The invading antigens link together (agglutination).
C) The invading antigens precipitate.
D) T-cell lymphocytes survey proteins in the body and attack the invading antigens.
D
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During a cell-mediated response, T-cell lymphocytes survey proteins in the body, actively analyze the surface features, and respond to those that differ from the host by directly attacking the invading antigen. For example, a cell-mediated response occurs when an organ is transplanted. Immunoglobulins hinder the antigens physically by neutralizing their toxins through agglutination or by causing them to precipitate.
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In reviewing a patient's chart to determine whether she has progressed from HIV disease to AIDS, the nurse should look for
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1. Anyone with access to the chart who had time to do so 2. Only administrative staff or the patient's primary physician 3. Only laboratory technicians or nurses who care for the patient 4. No one can correct the error; it is a part of the permanent record.