Imagine that you want to improve a distractible child's ability to sit still and listen in class. Which one of the following procedures illustrates how you might use shaping to do so?
a. Explain the purpose of sitting quietly before reinforcement begins.
b. Reinforce the child for sitting still on some occasions, but not on others.
c. Reinforce the child for sitting still and listening for only a minute, then for progressively longer and longer periods of time.
d. Frequently change the specific consequence you use to reinforce sitting still-and-listening behavior (e.g., you might use candy a few times, then praise, then privileges, and so on).
c
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Which statement about burnout on the job is accurate?
a) Some work environments can be breeding grounds for burnout. b) Burnout on the job is almost always the fault of the worker. c) Lack of advancement at work will inevitably cause burnout. d) Most burnout victims have been found to be too cynical to begin with.
Because of the educational policy reports of the mid-1980s, such as A Nation at Risk, schools implemented
a. an increase in high-school graduation requirements only. b. an increase in required math and science courses only. c. an increase in college entrance requirements only. d. all of the above
In the Colonial Period religion was a part of education, but as the purpose of education gradually changed so did the influence of religion. What had the greatest impact on religion and schools?
a. Federal governments greater involvement in education b. Government money dwindled for religious schools c. Supreme court rulings about prayer and religion in schools d. Findings from the report: A Nation at Risk
The instructional sequence for each measurement topic is basically the same. What is first phase of the sequence?
a. Children begin to measure using standard units. b. Children begin to measure using arbitrary or nonstandard units. c. Children begin to measure by developing the meaning of the attribute through activities involving perception and direct comparison. d. Children begin to measure by measuring and estimating using standard units.