Vitamin D increases blood concentrations of calcium and phosphorus by doing all of the following except:
a. promoting absorption via the GI tract.
b. promoting reabsorption via the kidneys.
c. stimulating osteoclast formation.
d. stimulating osteoblast formation.
d
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Overconsumption of the fat-soluble vitamins results in _____
a. accumulation, which aids in the prevention of colds and infections b. a non-observable condition, because they are excreted c. possible toxicity, due to an accumulation in the body d. weight gain due to increased fat intake e. increased excretion of water-soluble vitamins
Vitamin _____ is a potent fat-soluble antioxidant that vigorously defends cell membranes against oxidative damage
a. B6 b. C c. D d. K e. E
Which of the following is a feature of physical inactivity and energy balance?
a. There is a strong genetic component to reduced physical activity of overweight people. b. Differences in the time obese and lean people spend lying, sitting, standing, and moving account for about 350 kcalories per day. c. Although watching television correlates with weight gain, playing video games does not, presumably due to the heightened excitement engendered by action games. d. Extraordinarily inactive people who lower their food intakes below that of their lean counterparts activate brown adipose tissue uncoupling proteins that stimulate hyperthermic weight loss. e. Although extremely low levels of activity do increase risk of obesity, they do not affect the risk of metabolic syndrome.
Osteoblasts are cells that
A. break down old bone. B. release calcium from bone into the blood. C. form new bone. D. produce parathyroid hormone.