External cues, such as the rising of the sun, used by animals to establish daily rhythms are known as
a. phase shifts
b. zeitgebers.
c. entrainment signals.
d. circadian rhythms.
b
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During the genital stage, sexual energy is primarily
a. suppressed. b. exhibited through self-stimulation. c. focused toward the parent of the opposite sex. d. focused toward peers of the opposite sex.
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to explore
a. the unconscious. b. the conscious. c. irrational thoughts. d. maladaptive behaviors.
The intense fear associated with phobias:
a. suggests an unconscious cause b. makes the individual go to great lengths to avoid the feared object or situation c. cannot be avoided d. is proportional to the danger elicited by the object or situation
In the context of operant conditioning, ________ weakens a response through the application of an unpleasant stimulus.
A. habituation B. negative reinforcement C. extinction D. positive punishment