Which statement(s) about diuretics is/are true? (Select all that apply.)
a. A mechanism of action for the antihypertensive effects of diuretics includes volume depletion.
b. They have been shown to reduce cardiovascular morbidity associated with hypertension.
c. Thiazide diuretics are effective only if renal creatinine clearance is less than 30 mL/min.
d. Diuretics are sodium sparing.
e. Electrolytes must be evaluated periodically for patients on loop diuretics.
ANS: A, B, E
Diuretics act as hypertensive agents by causing volume depletion, sodium excretion, and vasodilation of peripheral arterioles. Diuretics are often used to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates. Potassium must be monitored in patients taking diuretics that are not potassium sparing. When creatinine clearance is higher than 30 mL/min, thiazide diuretics are most effective. Diuretics cause sodium excretion.
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