The nurse is planning care for a client admitted with heart failure. Based on this diagnosis, which type of renal failure is the client at an increased risk for experiencing?
A) Prerenal hypovolemia
B) Intrarenal glomerular injury
C) Intrarenal acute tubular necrosis
D) Prerenal low cardiac output
Answer: D
One cause of prerenal kidney failure due to low cardiac output is heart failure. Causes of prerenal kidney failure due to hypovolemia include hemorrhage, dehydration, excess fluid loss from the gastrointestinal tract, burns, and wounds. Causes of intrarenal kidney failure due to glomerular injury include glomerulonephritis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, vasculitis, hypertension, toxemia of pregnancy, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Causes of intrarenal kidney failure due to acute tubular necrosis include ischemia resulting from conditions associated with prerenal failure, toxins, hemolysis, and rhabdomyolysis.
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