Discuss the relationship of weight and body fat in females. How can being very underweight or being very overweight affect fertility?
In normal-weight women, weight loss that exceeds approximately 10–15 percent of usual weight decreases estrogen, LH, and FSH concentrations. Consequences of these hormonal changes include amenorrhea, anovulatory cycles, and short or absent luteal phases. It is estimated that about 30 percent of cases of impaired fertility are related to simple weight loss. Hormone levels tend to return to normal when weight is restored to within 95 percent of previous weight. Weight gain is the recommended first-line treatment for amenorrhea related to low body weight.
Obese women tend to have higher levels of estrogen, androgens, and leptin than nonobese women. These hormonal changes favor the development of menstrual-cycle irregularity (it occurs in 30 to 47 percent of overweight and obese women), ovulatory failure and anovulatory cycles, and amenorrhea. Loss of body fat is related to improvements in hormone levels, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, and conception rates in both men and women.
You might also like to view...
The pH lowering effects of ______convert pepsinogen to pepsin
a. hydrochloric acid b. sulfuric acid c. acetic acid d. citric acid
Which communication approach is advised to improve cross-cultural communications?
a. Make judgments rather than observations about behaviors. b. Refrain from using "you.". c. Repeat questions in the same way if they are not understood the first time. d. Avoid use of visual aids and use only spoken language.
If a patient develops heart failure, which of the following is not a possible etiological factor?
a. LV hypertrophy b. arterial aneurysm c. renal disease d. dilated cardiomyopathy
Since monounsaturated fats are healthier, consuming them in excessive amounts is always considered good.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)