Cilia lining the respiratory tubes beat mucus upward in order to:
a. moisten the bronchioles.
b. conduct the mucus that contains particles to the pharynx and away from the lungs.
c. provide mucus to the lungs to prevent them from dehydrating.
d. lubricate the throat for easier swallowing.
e. promote gas exchange by providing mucus for the respiratory surfaces.
b
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Explain what causes the growth ridges found on the shells of bivalves.
What will be an ideal response?
In an antibody- mediated immune response,
what causes effector helper T cells to release cyokines?
a. binding to antigen presenting dendritic cells b. binding to a bacterial complement c. binding to a naive helper T cell d. binding to a B cell e. engulfing a bacterium
Maria has been in labor for 12 hours, and her obstetrician thinks that it is time to artificially induce birth. What hormone will the physician inject?
A) estrogen B) vasopressin C) prolactin D) oxytocin
ALL of the following have pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) EXCEPT
a. macrophages. b. viruses. c. Salmonella spp. d. Shigella spp.