Which of the following is a feature of caffeine use in physical activity?
a. Caffeine is widely abused by endurance athletes because it cannot be detected by blood or urine tests.
b. Caffeine enhances performance by stimulating glycogen breakdown and increasing the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells.
c. College and national competitions prohibit the use of caffeine in amounts greater than that present in 5 cups of coffee when consumed within a few hours before testing.
d. The usual side effects of caffeine use such as irritability, headaches, and diarrhea are delayed or diminished in endurance athletes because of their high metabolic rates during competition.
e. In endurance athletes, caffeine is particularly likely to result in a "drowsiness crash" within an hour of consumption.
ANS: C
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