Which of the following statements describe the proper technique for auscultating heart sounds? Select all that apply
a. Auscultate in an orderly fashion starting at the aortic area and proceeding to pulmonic, tricuspid, and mitral areas.
b. Listen for S1 first in all landmark areas, then proceed to listening for S2 in all landmark areas.
c. Use the diaphragm of the stethoscope for normal sounds the bell of the stethoscope to detect any extra sounds.
d. Rotate the starting point of landmarks at each patient assessment to detect any changes.
A, C
Auscultate in an orderly fashion starting in the aortic area and moving gradually through each landmark. The mnemonic of A-P-T-M can be used. The nurse should listen carefully at each site to each component of the heart sound. Additionally, the diaphragm is used to auscultate high-pitched sounds that normally occur in the heart, lungs, and abdomen. The bell is used to auscultate low-pitched sounds such as extra heart sounds, murmurs, or bruits.
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