When reviewing normal menstruation with an early adolescent, you would teach that during the second half of a typical menstrual cycle, the endometrium of the uterus becomes
A) thin and transparent, because of progesterone stimulation.
B) twisted and ragged, because of follicle-stimulating hormone.
C) thick and purple-hued, because of estrogen stimulation.
D) corkscrew-like, because of progesterone stimulation.
D
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A nursing student is studying nutritional problems and learns that kwashiorkor is distinguished from marasmus with which finding?
a. Deficit of calories b. Lack of all nutrients c. Specific lack of protein d. Unknown cause of malnutrition
The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of metastatic cancer with a pathogenic bone fracture. The nurse understands that this condition occurs by which mechanism?
A) Increased osteoblastic growth factors (ObGFs) results in a fragile bony structure. B) Increased osteoclast activating factors (OcAFs) result in increased pressure in the bone, resulting in pathogenic fracture. C) Pathogenic fractures occur by either increased pressure in the bone, or breakdown of the bony matrix. D) Pathogenic fractures occur due to the breakdown of the bone network and loss of the bony matrix.
How are nonpharmacologic interventions, such as guided imagery and music therapy, thought to help relieve a client's pain?
A. Anxiety increases the degree of tissue damage at the pain site by reducing the amount of available oxygen. Guided imagery reduces anxiety, thereby increasing the amount of oxygen available, decreasing damage, and decreasing pain. B. The substantia gelatinosa in the brain can only transmit impulses when trigger cells are activated. Nonpharmacologic interventions can inhibit trigger cells, thus "closing the gate" on transmission of pain impulses from the periphery. C. Guided imagery and music therapy, along with other nonpharmacologic interven-tions, induce sedation and sleep, and pain is not perceived during sleep. D. Nonpharmacologic interventions contribute to pain relief by decreasing the amount of cortisol present in damaged tissues. Cortisol is thought to increase the sensitivity of pain receptors to low levels of pain stimulation.
Which finding may be considered normal during adolescence?
1) Fuller and firmer breasts 2) Darker areolas 3) Colostrum production 4) Asymmetrical breasts