A patient was admitted 3 days ago with a myocardial infarction (MI) and has developed pulmonary edema. How would the nurse explain this condition to the patient and family?
1. The pulmonary system has an excessive amount of fluid that has been building over the last several days, and now the heart is no longer able to keep up with the demands.
2. The cardiac muscle has been injured and is not able to efficiently pump the blood through the patient's system, resulting in an increased pressure in the pulmonary system.
3. The pulmonary system was injured first due to hypoxia, which caused the heart attack.
4. The cardiac muscle is working too hard to push fluids through the pulmonary system and there is fluid excess as a result.
2
Rationale 1: The pulmonary fluid overload is a direct result of the MI, not building up over several days.
Rationale 2: During an MI, the cardiac muscle is injured and is not able to efficiently pump blood through the system. This decrease in pumping action results in an increased pulmonary pressure, which causes fluid to fill the interstitial spaces.
Rationale 3: The pulmonary system did not cause the MI; the MI causes pulmonary edema.
Rationale 4: It is not that the cardiac muscle is working too hard, but that it is not working as well as it used to.
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