How might joy and contentment have an “undoing” potential for negative emotions?
A. They change our cognitions and thus the way we perceive the world.
B. They increase our sense of hope.
C. They enhance our subjective well-being.
D. They act as antidotes to negative emotions.
Ans: D
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A token becomes a conditioned reinforcer because it is paired with:
a. establishing operations b. backup reinforcers c. the occurrence of desirable behavior d. A and B
Marketers working for the Department of Health were surprised to learn that a message stating that “cycling burns hundreds of calories” led to lower levels of cycling. You laugh because you know that ______.
a. message impact can reflect changes in beliefs not targeted within a message b. McGuire’s stages of processing show how difficult it is to elicit behavior change c. Reactance Theory predicts a negative impact of such messages d. the message makes cycling seem too easy
One of the primary principles of punishment states that
a. punishment is much more effective than reinforcement. b. punishment is really just another form of negative reinforcement. c. punishment must never be given contingently. d. a punisher can be either the onset of an unpleasant event or the removal of a positive state of affairs.
Compared with people trained to associate words with colors, people with _____ show different brain areas are active when hearing words and seeing colors with them
a) brain tumors b) good imaginations c) synesthesia d) extrasensory perception