Which of the following is true regarding the intellectual differences between and within various groups?
a. If differences within groups are at least partly genetic in origin, then differences between groups are also genetic.
b. The genetic differences between groups are 100 percent even though the within-group difference is entirely due to the environment.
c. Even if variation within each group is mostly due to genetic differences, the differences between groups may still be due to environmental differences.
d. Heritability estimates are valid in regard to group differences but not in regard to the variance found within a group.
Answer: c
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