A teacher was surprised to find a negative correlation between pretest scores and the amount of change in a pretest-posttest design. How would you explain the negative correlation to the teacher?
a. The students who did well on the pretest did not learn as much during the instructional period.
b. The method of instruction was not appropriate for those students who had high pretest scores.
c. Students who have high scores on the pretest can be expected to have low change scores because of the ceiling effect on the posttest.
d. The negative correlation is due to the low reliability of the pretest and the posttest.
C
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Keeping track of student progress mentally has:
a. the advantage that students cannot see other students’ grades. b. limitations related to memory and inconsistency. c. the advantage that grades for children with learning disabilities can be increased without being obvious to mainstream children. d. the limitation that administrators’ evaluation of teachers may be negative because grades are not posted.
Studies have consistently shown that autistic children have abnormally high levels of the neurotransmitter:
A. Serotonin in the CNS (central nervous system). B. Dopamine in the CNS. C. Epinephrine in the CNS. D. Serotonin in the PNS (peripheral nervous system). E. Adrenaline in the PNS.
Describe how competence in communication supports and is supported by competence in self-regulation
What will be an ideal response?
Ivan Pavlov conducted a series of studies that led him to propose his theory of classical conditioning. In these studies Pavlov observed how a dog learned to:
a. bark when meat was presented. b. bark when meat was taken away. c. salivate to a simple stimulus such as a light. d. wake up when a bright visual stimulus (such as a light) was presented.