Disconfirming listening includes
a. defensive listening, pseudolistening, and confrontational listening.
b. pseudolistening, comprehensive listening, and empathic listening.
c. appreciative listening, literal listening, and pseudolistening.
d. confrontational listening, appreciative listening, and evaluative listening.
e . evaluative listening, defensive listening, pseudolistening, and literal listening.
a
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Measuring message reception is more important than measuring understanding because understanding seems to occur independently of the messages received verbally
a. True b. False
Assuming that audience members already agree with a disputed position best reflects the straw man fallacy
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
A working outline is usually completed before the speaker
a. narrows the topic. b. begins major research. c. develops the central idea. d. identifies the specific purpose.
Which of the following is a type of state that may interact with media content to produce a fluctuation effect?
a. Psychological b. Emotional c. Cognitive d. All of the above