Why is it difficult to make causal inferences from correlational research?
A. If variables A and B are correlated, it could mean that A caused B, B caused A, or some other variable C may have caused both A and B.
B. We cannot make inferences about cause because most correlational research has poor external validity.
C. We cannot make inferences about cause because most correlational research has poor construct validity.
D. We cannot make inferences about cause because most correlational research has poor ecological validity.
A. If variables A anA. If variables A and B are correlated, it could mean that A caused B, B caused A, or some other variable C may have caused both A and B. B are correlated, it could mean that A caused
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Which of the following must substance abuse practitioners bear in mind to avoid oversimplification of the issues concerned?
a. Abstinence must be equated with health and nonabstinence with illness. b. Substance abuse and dependence are unitary, well-defined, and largely predictable disorders. c. Substance abuse problems are multivariate syndromes but should be treated as a single undifferentiated collective. d. Chemical dependency involves multiple patterns of use, misuse, and abuse and multiple causal variables combine to produce problems.
Nonmedical use of Adderall is of special interest because of its potential for dependence and abuse.
a. true b. false
To build an organization, you need people, information, other resources and some time. Then you need to put these parts together. Three things this particularly requires are
A. Organizing, structure, and flexibility. B. Money, media connections, and political clout. C. Officers, history, and bylaws. D. Location, logo, and lattes.
The text authors suggest that each of the following is a commonality shared by Ellis' and Beck's cognitive therapy systems EXCEPT:
a. a recognition that maladaptive cognitions are the primary source of psychological distress. b. a forceful, debating therapist style. c. a directive, problem-oriented approach to treatment. d. a view of homework as an essential feature of treatment.