Shaw and McKay studied delinquency in Chicago
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Answer: True
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Research proves that "collective efficacy" – the cohesion among residents and shared expectations for social control of public space – does not predict crime and disorder
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
The competing interests associated with probation have been found to cause a great deal of stress and uncertainty for many supervision officers. Indeed, ambiguity and uncertainty tend to generate stress for most persons because it is simply human nature to desire a sense of control and/or mastery over one’s environment. Amidst ambiguous and competing messages, this sense of mastery or security is difficult to achieve. This then leads to a competing professional identity among probation officers termed _______________ and is a primary source of burnout among CSOs.
a. role identity confusion b. lack of promotional opportunities c. professional accountability d. changing or conflicting policies and/or procedures
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Participant observation involves a variety of strategies in which the researcher studies or observes a group through varying degrees of participation in the activities of that group. 2 Participant observation is the best method for obtaining quantitative data regarding crime. 3. Social researchers in many cases have no guaranteed right to confidentiality or privileged information and are vulnerable to subpoena. 4. A case study or life history represents an interest in an in-depth close-up of only one or a few subjects in order to obtain a greater understanding. 5. The problem of inadequate methods in criminology arises not because of the inherent shortcomings of a particular method but because a given method is used alone.
According to the _________ hypothesis, the criminality of females is masked because of the generally benevolent and protective attitude toward women in our society.
a. feminist b. masculinity c. chivalry d. proximity