What are some ways in which the language-experience approach can be used?
What will be an ideal response?
Student answers will vary. The language-experience approach can be used in a number of areas, including these:
1 In personalizing group stories (gathering pieces of stories, identifying the names of contributors, and allowing students to read their selections to encourage ownership)
2 In an individual approach (may start by describing a drawing or photo, then move on to dictating a story to the teacher)
3 With English Language Learners (using the child's native language and allowing the child to draw on his or her experiences, words are taken down verbatim to honor the child?s speech and thoughts)
4 Because the language experience approach is based on students' individual backgrounds, it allows each student to share her or his culture, experience, and mode of self-expression. The approach has the power to promote understanding and community among students. .
5 In content areas (summarizing main concepts and events, clarifying complex topics as children advance into more difficult reading materials). Can be used to summarize what students have learned that day.
6 With technology (using interactive whiteboards, digital photos, clip art, scanned drawings, etc.)
7 In other ways (compose booklets on science and social studies topics, thank-you notes to a visiting author, a letter to a classmate who is hospitalized, an invitation to a guest speaker, recipes, a set of directions for the computer class rules, charts, lists, captions, diaries, booklets, plays)
8 Can be used as part of shared writing to introduce and reinforce key reading skills.
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According to expectancy theory, Instrumentality refers to
A. A worker's belief that performing a task will lead to a reward. B. The value a worker attaches to a particular reward. C. A worker's belief that he/she can perform a particular task. D. A worker's familiarity with tools required to perform a task.
Maria is tensing and relaxing her muscles. She is likely using:
a. Deep breathing b. Progressive muscle relaxation c. Cognitive approaches to stress management d. All of these statements are true
Transferability of findings to another context depends on the "goodness of fit" between the context of the study and the other context. This is also known as
a. similarity c. Generalizability b. cross case comparison d. descriptive adequacy