At normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, 1 cubic meter of air has a mass of about
A) 1.00 kg.
B) 1.25 kg.
C) 2.00 kg.
D) 2.25 kg.
Answer: B
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The critical angle for a transparent material is the angle at and beyond which all light within the material at its upper surface is
A) refracted. B) reflected. C) absorbed. D) dispersed. E) diffused.
Orphan planets are
A) planets which have been flung out into interstellar space as a result of inward migration B) moons of gas-giant planets which are in unstable orbits and escape becoming planets themselves C) planets which have been gravitationally captured by other stars D) bodies blasted from rocky planets by giant impacts becoming planets themselves
In a semiconductor doped with donor atoms, the conduction-band energy is 1.1 eV and the donor energy level is 1.0 eV. At a high temperature there are approximately as many electrons in the conduction band as there are holes in the valence band. For this semiconductor, the Fermi energy is approximately equal to:
(a) 1.1 eV (b) 1.0 eV (c) 1.05 eV (d) 0.55 eV
All real engines are less efficient than the Carnot engine because
A. they do not operate through the Otto cycle. B. they do not operate through a reversible cycle. C. the working substance does not maintain a constant volume through the cycle. D. the working substance does not maintain a constant pressure through the cycle. E. the working substance does not maintain a constant temperature through the cycle.