The degree to which a researcher can generalize findings from a randomized controlled design depends on several factors, including type of design, participant selection procedures, internal and external validity, and assessment strategies
How does each of these elements affect the generalizability of research outcomes?
What will be an ideal response?
Randomization allows each subject to have an equal chance of being selected. Selection of an analogue or clinical sample limits our conclusions/generalizations based on the nature of the sample. The diversity of the sample would also limit this. Internal validity is affected by the degree to which confounding influences are controlled. As internal validity increases, external validity may decrease because the sample may not reflect conditions in the "real world." Finally, the expectations of both the researcher and the subjects (blindedness) may confound the results and our interpretation of them.
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a. cat c. horse b. rabbit d. cow
Natasha spent three years in Botswana, participating in the daily life of a community there. She gathered extensive field notes, consisting of a mix of self-reports from members of the community and her own observations. Which research method did Natasha most likely use in her research?
A. ethnography B. structured observation C. questionnaires and tests D. the clinical, or case study, method
Which of the following is the third step in the process of hypnosis?
A. The participants are made comfortable in a quiet environment. B. The hypnotist tells the participants to concentrate on a specific object or image, such as the hypnotist's moving finger or an image of a calm lake. C. The hypnotist makes suggestions that the participants interpret as being produced by hypnosis. D. The hypnotist explains what is going to happen, such as telling the participants that they will experience a pleasant, relaxed state.
For Estes, the primary mechanism of punishment is ______.
A. response competition B. competition of motives C. inconsistent thoughts D. negative reinforcement