How many molecules of ATP are produced at each stage of aerobic respiration?
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: Glycolysis produces 4 ATP molecules (or 2 net ATP)
The Krebs cycle produces 2 ATP
The electron transfer phosphorylation produces about 32 ATP
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In cells with a normally functioning CFTR molecule, this molecule moves chloride ions (with
a negative charge) out of the cell to the covering mucus on the outside. Positively charged sodium ions then follow these chloride ions out of the cell to maintain electrical balance. This increases the total electrolyte concentration in the mucus, resulting in the movement of water out of the cell, and this water helps provide a fluid environment. People that have a defective gene (and thus a nonfunctioning CFTR molecule) produce abnormally thick and sticky mucus that builds up in the ducts and passageways. The buildup of this sticky mucus results in lifethreatening lung infections and serious digestive problems. Many charged particles such as ions cannot pass directly across the plasma membrane. Thus, passive transport of the chloride and sodium ions occurs via what process?
a. facilitated diffusion b. active transport c. bulk transport d. osmosis
Briefly explain the formation of bone in the human body
What will be an ideal response?
What is the site of fetal metabolic waste processing?
A. Fetal Liver & Kidneys B. Fetal Spleen C. Maternal Liver & Kidneys D. Maternal Spleen E. Placenta
The finding that MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) causes frog skin cells to darken when added to the interstitial fluid but has no effect on color when injected into the cells supports which of the following ideas?
a. MSH is a tropic hormone. b. MSH is a neurohormone. c. MSH binds to cell surface receptors. d. MSH is a steroid hormone. e. MSH is a steroid hormone and binds to cell surface receptors.