How and where is acid produced and controlled within the gastrointestinal tract?
What will be an ideal response?
• Parietal cells within the stomach are primarily responsible for synthesis of hydrochloric acid (HCl).
• Acid secretion is released in three phases: the cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase.
• There is also a basal secretion that occurs without any environmental or gastrointestinal stimulation and is controlled by circadian rhythms.
• Numerous substances affect parietal cell secretion, including signals to the brain stimulated by our sensory perception of food; presence of food within the stomach; and the substances pepsinogen, acetylcholine, histamine, and gastrin.
• Histamine, gastrin, and acetylcholine all mediate the final step in the secretion of HCl.
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Many customers became ill when they ate hamburgers that had not been cooked to the proper internal temperature. Which of the following would have been the name of the pathogen that caused this? outbreak?
Which of the following combinations of foods would provide the most dietary fiber?
A. cheeseburger (white bun, lettuce, mustard, catsup, slice of tomato, 3 oz ground beef, processed cheese slice), french fries, soft drink B. roast beef, mashed potatoes, coffee with sugar C. ham sandwich on white bread, potato chips, iced tea D. kidney bean salad, turkey sandwich on whole wheat bread, fresh apple, milk
What is the most common genetic disorder of metabolism?
What will be an ideal response?
Patient X has AIDS, and as a result, now has oral lesions. Which of the following would be an appropriate suggestion to help maintain this patient's oral intake?
a. Add flavors to foods. b. Avoid fatty or gassy foods. c. Eat smaller, more frequent meals. d. Avoid spicy or acid-containing foods.