Which is true about C. botulinum?
A. It is anaerobic.
B. It may form spores.
C. It produces a neurotoxin.
D. It does not grow well below pH 4.5.
E. All of the choices are correct.
E.
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DNA replication can stall as a consequence of the replication machinery encountering hairpin DNA structures that can form due to inverted repeats and palindromic sequences
When DNA replication stalls, double-strand breaks in the DNA can occur, causing severe genetic and cellular consequences. Both Werner syndrome (premature onset of age-related phenotypes and cancer) and Bloom syndrome (cancer) are the result of mutations in helicase, an enzyme that unwinds hairpin structures. Helicase most likely breaks which type of bonds in a hairpin? A. glycosidic B. phosphodiester C. hydrogen D. peptide E. covalent
Sympatric species are
A. more likely than allopatric species to display character displacement. B. always show character displacement. C. less likely than allopatric species to display character displacement. D. unlikely to be competing. E. more likely than allopatric species to display character displacement, less likely than allopatric species to display character displacement, and unlikely to be competing.
Which phrase best describes what occurs during chemiosmosis?
a. the synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase using a proton gradient b. the buildup of acetate in the cytoplasm in the absence of oxygen c. the breakdown of oxygen as it enters the mitochondria d. the production of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration
The mutation shown in the figure involve a transformation of one structure into another structure. What are these types of mutations called?
A. homeotic mutations B. transversions C. synonymous mutations D. frameshift mutations E. Inversions