While interest groups are limited in the amount of _______________, or donations provided directly to candidates, that they can provide, the 2010 Supreme Court decision Citizens United removed limits on _______________.
a. PACs; Super PACs
b. independent expenditures; coordinated contributions
c. hard money; soft money
d. commercial contributions; campaign contributions
c. hard money; soft money
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Entrance into Japanese educational institutions is based almost exclusively on __________
a. political or family connections b. merit c. party identification d. whether the student's presence will help make the campus more diverse
__________ operates when the president becomes interested and active in an issue, through direct personal involvement or indirectly when his staff and advisors act in his name
a. Electoral politics c. Presidential politics b. Congressional politics d. Bureaucratic politics
Liberalization of local elections in China has
a. left the local political scene unchanged b. removed unpopular local leaders c. removed the Community Party for control at the local level d. affirmed support for top officials
Which of the following is true of political campaigns and party politics in the United States?
A. In recent years, candidates of the major parties have moved toward the political center in order to attract more voters. B. Party organizations at the local level are no longer major players in campaigns. C. Party organizations are less powerful than they used to be in part because of the rise of television advertising. D. The United States lacks minor parties. E. National campaigns in the U.S. are candidate-centered, not party-centered.