What is one reason why incumbents have the advantage in elections?
a. Challengers have more time to campaign than do incumbents.
b. Each challenger has to petition for inclusion on the ballot, while the incumbent does not.
c. Mainstream media outlets are required by law to provide free airtime to incumbents.
d. Incumbents have staffers who provide services that help them win reelection.
Answer: d
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Which of the following is an example of a policy or idea promoted by a third party that ended up in one of the platforms of the major parties?
A. the regulatory innovations sought by the Populist Party in the 1890s B. George Wallace's promise of "segregation yesterday, segregation today, segregation forever" C. the promise of H. Ross Perot to stop the North American Free Trade Agreement. D. prohibition on the manufacture and sale of alcohol by the Prohibition Party in the 1870s
What is the difference between substantive and descriptive representation? Provide an example of each type.
What will be an ideal response?
The powers that party leaders exercise
a. have grown stronger in recent years since Congress decided to resume using earmarks. b. must be voted on at the start of each Congress so every member knows the rules. c. mainly take the form of favors that the leaders may grant or withhold, which can be substantial. d. are absolute because they can demand members vote for the party or face expulsion.
The USA Patriot Act expands an exception found in which amendment to allow expanded surveillance of civilians?
a. First b. Fourth— c. Sixth d. Ninth