Which of the following disorders often presents in patients with café-au-lait spots?
A. Diabetes
B. Malignancy
C. Neurofibromatosis
D. Autoimmune disease
ANS: C
Café-au-lait spots are caused by increased melanin content and are associated with neurofibromatosis. The lesions vary in appearance and size, with color ranging from tan to brown. There frequently is a history of a variety of developmental and congenital conditions. The lesions are asymptomatic. They range in size from millimeters to over 10 cm and are usually flat macules or patches. Although the color varies, most are coffee colored.
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After teaching a client with early polycystic kidney disease (PKD) about nutritional therapy, the nurse assesses the client's understanding. Which statement made by the client indicates a correct understanding of the teaching?
a. "I will take a laxative every night before going to bed." b. "I must increase my intake of dietary fiber and fluids." c. "I shall only use salt when I am cooking my own food." d. "I'll eat white bread to minimize gastrointestinal gas."
A pediatric nurse is reviewing the chart of a new school-age patient. The chart notes the child is on a phenylalanine-free diet. What does the nurse conclude about this patient?
A. Has Canavan disease B. Has familial dysautonomia C. Has phenylketonuria (PKU) D. Has Tay-Sachs disease
Which are factors that are known to influence the immune response? (Select all that apply.)
a. age e. nutritional status b. occupation f. stress c. sex g. dental status d. skin color h. treatment modalities
A female client has just undergone circumcision. The nurse closely monitors the client for which of the following?
A) Dysmenorrhea B) Hemorrhage C) Urinary tract infection D) Incontinence