Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the spectrum of fetal alcohol disorders?

a. For fetal alcohol syndrome to be diagnosed, a specific set of characteristics must be exhibited in the child.
b. Typical maternal characteristics associated with fetal alcohol syndrome or fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are older age and multiple pregnancies.
c. There is no known absolute safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, so women should be counseled that the safest approach is to not drink during pregnancy.
d. With intense early intervention after birth, the behavioral and cognitive abnormalities associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders can be completely reversed.
e. a and c only


e

Nutritional Science

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