A patient experiences massive trauma to the nose, resulting in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage from the wound. Which of the following structures secretes CSF?

A. Adenohypophysis
B. Choroid Plexus
C. Pineal Gland
D. Pituitary Gland
E. Pons


Answer: B. Choroid Plexus

Biology & Microbiology

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Cancer chemotherapies are notoriously toxic to the patients because the drugs must attack the patient’s own cells. Recent studies have shown that risk of adverse reaction to chemotherapy is sometimes predictable using genomics. Which area of genomics studies risks such as these?

a. metagenomics b. evolutionary genomics c. toxicogenomics d. proteomics

Biology & Microbiology

The adrenal hormone, aldosterone, regulates kidney function by  

A.  increasing the permeability of the collecting duct to salt. B.  increasing the permeability of the collecting duct to urea. C.  stimulating active reabsorption of sodium, decreasing its excretion. D.  triggering a sensation of thirst. E.  reducing the blood flow to the kidney.

Biology & Microbiology

While innate immunity is ancient and universal amongst animals, the adaptive immune system is generally considered to be unique to the vertebrates. However, some researchers have suggested, with much controversy, that invertebrates may have a form of adaptive immunity as well. What sort of evidence would be required to fully demonstrate such a claim? (Check all that apply.)  

_____  B and T cells _____  CD4 receptors _____  efficacy of vaccination _____  highly variable molecules that can bind various antigens _____  identified cells that are necessary to provide acquired immunity _____  immunoglobulin molecules _____  resistance upon second exposure to a pathogen _____  specific resistance to one strain but not another after exposure _____  thymus gland _____  Toll-like receptors

Biology & Microbiology

The releasing site for the hormones of this figure is indicated by the letter ____

a. A b. B c. C d. D

e. E

Biology & Microbiology