A patient experiences massive trauma to the nose, resulting in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage from the wound. Which of the following structures secretes CSF?
A. Adenohypophysis
B. Choroid Plexus
C. Pineal Gland
D. Pituitary Gland
E. Pons
Answer: B. Choroid Plexus
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Cancer chemotherapies are notoriously toxic to the patients because the drugs must attack the patient’s own cells. Recent studies have shown that risk of adverse reaction to chemotherapy is sometimes predictable using genomics. Which area of genomics studies risks such as these?
a. metagenomics b. evolutionary genomics c. toxicogenomics d. proteomics
The adrenal hormone, aldosterone, regulates kidney function by
A. increasing the permeability of the collecting duct to salt. B. increasing the permeability of the collecting duct to urea. C. stimulating active reabsorption of sodium, decreasing its excretion. D. triggering a sensation of thirst. E. reducing the blood flow to the kidney.
While innate immunity is ancient and universal amongst animals, the adaptive immune system is generally considered to be unique to the vertebrates. However, some researchers have suggested, with much controversy, that invertebrates may have a form of adaptive immunity as well. What sort of evidence would be required to fully demonstrate such a claim? (Check all that apply.)
_____ B and T cells _____ CD4 receptors _____ efficacy of vaccination _____ highly variable molecules that can bind various antigens _____ identified cells that are necessary to provide acquired immunity _____ immunoglobulin molecules _____ resistance upon second exposure to a pathogen _____ specific resistance to one strain but not another after exposure _____ thymus gland _____ Toll-like receptors
The releasing site for the hormones of this figure is indicated by the letter ____
a. A b. B c. C d. D
e. E