The nurse is caring for a patient who has received epoetin alfa (Epogen) 2 to 3 weeks prior to a scheduled surgery. Which statement best explains the goal for Epogen administration prior to surgery?
a. The patient will only require a single anti-biotic immediately prior to surgery.
b. The patient will have greater numbers of white blood cells (WBCs) following sur-gery.
c. The patient will not require a blood trans-fusion during surgery.
d. The patient will maintain stable potassium levels during surgery.
C
Epoetin alfa (Epogen) is given to increase red blood cell production prior to surgery with the goal of having a bloodless surgery. Epoetin alfa (Epogen) will not affect the need for an antibiotic preoperatively, nor will it affect WBCs or serum potassium levels.
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A newly admitted patient with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse what caused her diabetes. The nurse is explaining to the patient the etiology of type 1 diabetes. Which of the following explanations is appropriate?
A) "The tissues in the body are resistant to the action of insulin, making insulin less effective in the body." B) "The formation of an acidic substance when the liver breaks down fatty acids because of the lack of insulin in the body." C) "The secretion of placental hormones causes the body to be resistant to insulin." D) "Destruction of special cells in the pancreas causes a decrease in insulin production and the level of glucose (sugar) in the bloodstream increases because the body lacks insulin to break down the glucose."
What role do macrophages have in the neutrophilia that occurs in response to an acute bacterial infection?
A. Macrophages have no role in neutrophilia. B. When invasion occurs, macrophages mature into neutrophils, increasing their circulating numbers. C. At the onset of invasion, macrophages secrete a colony-stimulating factor that induces the bone marrow to increase the production and release of neutrophils. D. Inflammatory damage to macrophages allows release of proteolytic enzymes that enhance liver production of all white blood cell types, including mature, seg-mented neutrophils.
A client is prescribed fosphenytoin sodium. The nurse prepares to administer this by which route?
a. oral c. intramuscular b. subcutaneous d. intravenous
As a component of a head to toe assessment, Nurse G, is preparing to assess convergence of the "PT" eyes. How should Nure G. conduct this assessment?
A) Ask the "PT" to read a Snellen chart from a distance of 20 feet B) Ask the "PT" to look ahead while slowly bringing a penlight in from the side and to the "PT" pupil. C) Ask the patient to follow her finger as she slowly moves it towards the "PT" nose D) Ask the "PT" to hold his head stationary while following a pencil from left to right