Verotoxin can cause
A) hemorrhagic diarrhea.
B) liver failure.
C) brain damage.
D) hemorrhagic diarrhea, liver failure, and brain damage.
Answer: A
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Colchicine is an alkaloid derived from plants. What is its effect on chromosome behavior?
A) By blocking DNA replication, chromosomes fail to migrate to the poles at anaphase; thus, homologous chromosomes end up in the same nucleus. B) By blocking DNA replication, chromosomes do not undergo meiosis I and instead all gametes suffer from aneuploidy. C) By interfering with spindle formation, replicated chromosomes fail to migrate to the poles at anaphase; thus, sister chromatids end up in the same nucleus. D) By interfering with spindle formation, replicated chromosomes fail to migrate to the poles at anaphase; thus, homologous chromosomes end up in the same nucleus. E) By blocking DNA replication, chromosomes do not undergo meiosis II and instead half the gametes are empty.
Which of the following is true about spongiform encephalopathies?
A) The disease is tied to a normal cellular prion protein (PrPC) that is found mostly on the surface of neurons. B) Spongiform encephalopathies occur in a wide variety of mammals, but the infectious prions are species specific and do not cause disease in other species. C) Abnormal prions clump together and kill the affected neurons, which accounts for the spongelike appearance of brain tissue found in TSE autopsies. D) When the normal prion protein encounters an abnormally shaped version of itself, PrPSC, the normal prion's shape is changed and it becomes an infectious PrPSC. E) Spontaneous cases of Creuztfeldt-Jakob disease may be caused by mutations during cell division in neuronal stem cells.
A virus consisting of a single strand of RNA, which is transcribed into complementary DNA, is a _____
A) reverse transcriptase B) protease C) retrovirus D) RNA replicase virus E) nonenveloped virus
Which of the following contributes to an erythrocyte's efficiency in distributing oxygen?
a. presence of mitochondria b. biconcave shape c. lobed nuclei d. granules e. extraordinarily large size