The nurse assesses the patient who had an abrupt withdrawal of benzodiazepines for withdrawal syndrome and would recognize what symptoms as part of the syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
A) Headache
B) Nightmares
C) Malaise
D) Bradycardia
E) Hypotension
A, B, C
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Abrupt cessation of benzodiazepines may lead to a withdrawal syndrome characterized by nausea, headache, vertigo, malaise, and nightmares. Withdrawal symptoms may be caused by the abrupt separation of benzodiazepine molecules from their receptor sites and the resulting acute decrease in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission. Because GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, less GABA may produce a less inhibited central nervous system (CNS) and therefore symptoms of hyperarousal or CNS stimulation. The nurse would not categorize hypotension or bradycardia as indicating benzodiazepine withdrawal.
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