1. During gastrulation, muscle cells and connective tissues are formed from the endoderm.
2. Sand dollars, a kind of marine echinoderm, release their gametes into the surrounding water to be fertilized through spawning, producing large numbers of offspring. They do not care for their young, many of which are eaten by predators. Therefore, this organism exhibits a type III survivorship curve.
3. A graph of a typical exponential growth curve will be J-shaped, as exhibited in the early growth pattern of bacteria.
4. The chance of survival of an individual sparrow during an unusually hot summer is independent of that species’ population density.
5. Economic development in a country can change its population’s age structure to a conical shape.